今天，我在尝试更新我的 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 桌面系统时遇到了以下错误。
$ sudo apt update样本输出：
Get:1 https://ny-mirrors.evowise.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Hit:2 https://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease
Hit:3 https://ppa.launchpad.net/costales/yaru-colors-folder-color/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:4 https://ny-mirrors.evowise.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Hit:5 https://ny-mirrors.evowise.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease
Hit:6 https://ny-mirrors.evowise.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease
Hit:7 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Fetched 265 kB in 3s (99.8 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Error!
E: Encountered a section with no Package: header
E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_binary-i386_Packages
E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.我再次尝试使用 Graphical Synaptic 包管理器。 但没有运气！ 我得到了同样的错误！
这是 Ubuntu 和基于 Debian 的系统中的常见问题之一。
仔细阅读输出后，我了解到包列表或状态文件由于某种原因已损坏，因此无法解析。
对于那些想知道的人，状态文件包含有关已安装 deb 包的信息。 我们可以通过删除损坏的包列表和状态文件并重新生成它们来解决这个问题，如下所述。
修复 Ubuntu 中“遇到没有包的部分：标头”错误
第1步。 首先，使用命令删除损坏的包列表：
$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf上述命令将从您的 Ubuntu 系统中删除所有软件包源列表。
这是我的 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 桌面的示例输出：
rm: cannot remove '/var/lib/apt/lists/auxfiles': Is a directory
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_chrome_deb_dists_stable_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_chrome_deb_dists_stable_main_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/linux.teamviewer.com_deb_dists_stable_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/linux.teamviewer.com_deb_dists_stable_main_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/linux.teamviewer.com_deb_dists_stable_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/lock'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_Contents-amd64.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_Contents-i386.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_main_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_multiverse_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_restricted_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-backports_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_Contents-amd64.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_Contents-i386.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_restricted_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_restricted_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_Contents-amd64.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_Contents-i386.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_multiverse_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_multiverse_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_restricted_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_restricted_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-security_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_Contents-amd64.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_Contents-i386.lz4'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_main_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_multiverse_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_restricted_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_restricted_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_restricted_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_restricted_i18n_Translation-en'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_cnf_Commands-amd64'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_dep11_icons-48x48.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ny-mirrors.evowise.com_ubuntu_dists_focal-updates_universe_i18n_Translation-en'
rm: cannot remove '/var/lib/apt/lists/partial': Is a directory
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_costales_yaru-colors-folder-color_ubuntu_dists_focal_InRelease'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_costales_yaru-colors-folder-color_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_binary-amd64_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_costales_yaru-colors-folder-color_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_binary-i386_Packages'
removed '/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_costales_yaru-colors-folder-color_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_i18n_Translation-en'第2步。 现在，运行以下命令来重建包源列表：
$ sudo apt update这将需要一段时间，具体取决于您的 Internet 速度。 耐心点！
步骤 3。 重新生成软件包列表后，通过一一运行以下命令进行完整更新：
$ sudo apt update$ sudo apt upgrade$ sudo apt dist-upgrade第4步。 更新 Ubuntu 系统后，清除包缓存：
$ sudo apt autoclean$ sudo apt autoremove步骤 5。 最后， close 所有打开的程序并重新启动系统：
$ sudo reboot现在问题应该已经解决了。
第 6 步： 以防万一您仍然看到相同的错误，请删除状态文件并使用以下命令重建它：
$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/status$ sudo touch /var/lib/dpkg/status$ sudo apt update不要忘记执行完整的系统更新并清理 apt 缓存，然后重新启动系统。
Ubuntu中其他常见问题的解决方案：
- 如何在不重新安装的情况下修复损坏的 Ubuntu 操作系统
- 如何修复 Ubuntu 上的 Busybox Initramfs 错误
- 修复 Ubuntu 中“子进程 /usr/bin/dpkg 返回错误代码 (1)”
- 修复“W：某些索引文件下载失败”。 Ubuntu 中的错误
- 修复 Ubuntu 中的“E：包缓存文件已损坏，哈希值错误”错误
- 如何在 Ubuntu 上修复“E：无法获取锁 /var/lib/dpkg/lock”错误
- 修复 Ubuntu 中的“dpkg: error: parsing file ‘/var/lib/dpkg/updates/0014’”错误
希望这可以帮助。
